今天，我们借鉴2018年高考英语各省作文题目及优秀范文，可以更好的为2019高考英语备考做准备。

今天为大家分享“写作 ：2018年高考英语写作真题及优秀范文汇总”，为有需求的同学提供素材，也希望高一高二的同学都可以仔细看看，提前了解高考英语作文出题的类型，学习优秀范文的英语表达，为高考打下良好的基础。

全国Ⅰ卷

适用省市：河南、河北、山西、山东、湖南、湖北、江西、广东、安徽、福建

书面表达(满分25分)

假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件。内容包括：

1. 到达时间；2.合适的礼物；3. 餐桌礼仪。

注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【刘凯老师分析】本文是一篇提纲类书面表达，要求考生以李华的名义，回复一封电子邮件，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发邮件向你询问有关习俗。所以全文使用一般现在时并以第三人称为主。

第1步：审题。根据提示可知，本篇为一封邮件；注意电子邮件的格式，以及书信中习惯表达的运用。

第2步：组织要点。1.到达时间；2.合适的礼物；3.餐桌礼仪。

第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。

第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。

【刘凯老师详解】本篇范文涵盖了文字提示要求的所有要点，且有适当的个人发挥。文章结构完美，分为三部分，很有条理性。考生运用了多样式的句型结构，让整篇文章富有变化，并不死板。如省略句When invited to a Chinese friend’s home, you should arrive a little earlier so that you can help the family prepare the dinner. 表语从句The reason for this is that it seems to mean a sacrifice to the dead.等。

优秀范文1

Dear Terry,

How are you doing? In your last letter, you asked me about being a guest to a Chinese friend’s home. Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details.

To begin with, according to our tradition, you are supposed to arrive early, so that you can help the family prepare the dinner, which is meaningful and interesting. Besides, you’d better bring some gifts, like a book or a Chinese knot. What’s more, when you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid making noises while chewing food.

Hopefully, these suggestions would be helpful for you. I have the confidence that you will have a great time.

Best wishes!

Yours,

LiHua

优秀范文2：

知识点：书面表达

Dear Terry,

From your last letter, I learnt that you have no idea about how you should behave when you go to a Chinese family. Now, let me tell you about it.

When invited to a Chinese friend’s home, you should arrive a little earlier so that you can help the family prepare the dinner. At the same time, a proper gift should be brought with you to show respect for the host. Besides, you should pay attention to some table manners. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat the whatever-it-is and say how delicious it is. If you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite “thank you” and leave the food there. Never stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl, instead, lay them on your dish. Otherwise, it’s thought extremely impolite. The reason for this is that it seems to mean a sacrifice to the dead.

All in all, “When in China, do as the Chinese do ” is your best choice.

Best wishes!

Yours,

Li Hua

全国Ⅱ卷

适用省市：青海、甘肃、新疆、宁夏、重庆、陕西、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古、海南（语数英）

书面表达（满分25分）

你受学生会委托为校宣传栏＂英语天地＂写一则通知，请大家观看一部英语短片Growing Together，内容包括：

1. 短片内容：学校的发展；2. 放映时间、地点；3. 欢迎对短片提出意见。

注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

优秀范文1

Notice

In order to have a better understanding of our school, an outstanding English short movie about our school will be shown in the library from 2:30 to 4:00in the afternoon on June 9th. It is organized by the Student Union.Here are some relevant details about it.

To begin with, the name of the movie is Growing Together, which is about the development of our beloved school.As we all expect, it will be not only eaningful but also interesting. What’s more, everyone of you will be welcome to take part (participate) in it, enjoying the movie, having a heated discussion afterwards and giving your own comments.

The Student Union

June 8, 2018

优秀范文2

Notice

There is a short English film—Growing Together this weekend. The film is mainly related to the development of our school, which will greatly help us students knowthe school’s history better and appeal to us to make contributions to our school’s development. Anyone who shows interest in the film is welcome to the school’s lecture hall, located on the first floor of the third teaching building, to enjoy it. The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon, lasting 2 hours, from 4:00 to 6:00. In order toget a good seat for seeing, you’d better arrive a bit earlier. If you have any opinion about the film, please send e-mails to studentunion@126.com. Looking forward to your valuable advice.

Student Union

全国Ⅲ卷

适用省市：贵州、广西、云南、四川、西藏

书面表达（满分25分）

假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter 来信询问你校学生体育运动情况。请给他回信，内容包括：

1. 学校的体育场馆；2. 主要的运动项目；3. 你喜欢的项目。

注意：1. 词数100左右：2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

优秀范文1

Dear Peter,

I am exceedingly delighted to hear from you. You asked me in your last letter about the physical exercise in our school and the following information may give you a rough sketch.

To begin with, a fabulous new stadium has been built up, which has become the new landmark in our school. Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which ping-pong, football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity. As for me, I’m intoxicated with basketball since it has been giving me strength to confront the challenges in my life.

All in all, I sincerely invite you to come to our school and see for yourself.

Yours,

Li Hua

优秀范文2：

Dear Peter,

I’m happy to hear from you. As forthe physical exercise in our school, here is something about it.

Our school has built a new stadium recently, which is located behind the library. It has well-equipped facilities. Besides, it is big enough to hold all the teachers and students in our school. We can use it to organize sports events such asplaying basketball and table tennis. My favourite sport is running. What’s more, the stadiumopens from 9 am to 5 pm Monday to Friday. On weekends, it opens from 10am to 6 pm.

I am looking forward to your arrival and joining me in experiencing it in the near future.

自主命题省市

北京

第一节 (15分)

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学。他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：

1. 表示欢迎；2. 推荐他上哪所大学；3. 建议他做哪些准备工作。

注意：1. 词数不少于50；2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

优秀范文

Dear Jim,

I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijing in your last letter. First I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.

Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance in needed like The Story of the Stone while some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt into the Chinese language environment.

I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.

Yours,

Li Hua

分析这是一篇写人的信件，要求抒发自己对人物的观点并进行说明．所以用第一人称来叙述，时态以一般现在时态（叙述影响）和一般过去时态（叙述他的生平）为主．内容分成三部分：一 开头打招呼引出下文；二 内容着重介绍人物贡献及对我的影响；三 结束语．高分句型：1．As for（至于） my favorite figure in Chinese history，it must be Wei Yuan，a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty（Wei Yuan的同位语）．至于中国历史上我最喜欢的人物，那肯定是魏源，他是清末伟大的思想家．2．He（主语），in his book（状语），Haiguo Tuzhi（Maps and Records of the World）（book的同位语），introduced （谓语）modern technologies and ideas to China（宾语）在他《物种起源》这本书里，他把现代的技术和观念带入中国．

解答Dear Jim，It’s great to hear from you．I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history（点题，说明写作目的）．As for my favorite figure in Chinese history，it must be Wei Yuan，a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty（高分句型一）．He，in his book，Haiguo Tuzhi（Maps and Records of the World），introduced modern technologies and ideas to China（高分句型二）．That opened our eyes to the world．In fact，he inspires me to major in English in college，to be a bridge between China and the world．（介绍魏源的成就和影响）Interested in knowing more？I can find you some books!Just let me know（表达愿意更进一步帮忙的愿望）．Cheers!Yours，Li Hua

点评做为中学生，在课余要多阅读，对常见的热点话题要做到心中有数，再根据试卷上关于作文的提示，就可以很快构思，写作时要细心，尽力避免低级错误．

第二节 (20分)

假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。注意：词数不少于60。

优秀范文

Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out be to extremely rewarding.

On arriving at the tea house, the foreign students were impressed by the unique tea pots and tea cups. I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich variety, and the exquisite craftsmanship of making tea with their interest greatly sparked, I then began to teach them how to make tea.

In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure of making tea in detail. Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture and they couldn’t help taking pictures from time to time.

Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. Washing the tea pots, adding tea leaves, and pouring water into the cups, they followed my instructions and were really immersed in charming tea culture. The tea house witnessed a really enjoyable time for all of us.

At the end of the activity, holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day. It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value. And I swelled with pride to spread our own culture to people all over the world.

【刘凯老师点评】本文为图片介绍类作文，这类作文是根据给出的一幅或几幅图画所提供的信息写短文。此类题的体裁较广泛，可以是记叙文、说明文，也可以是议论文。按照本文的要求可知，是写一篇记叙文。

1. 认真读图，把握中心。

根据提示可知，内容是带领外国学生体验中国茶文化的全过程，介绍了茶具，泡茶，沏茶，品茶的过程，所以这是这组图画所要表达的中心。

2. 初步构思，考虑用词、短语、句型和时态。

在把握了文章的中心后，应在内心构思一个基本的框架，并考虑使用恰当的词语、短语和句型，以充分地表达文章的内容。本文是讲述上周发生的事情，故时态要以过去时为主，人称是第一人称，尽可能地充分利用所学的短语或句型来表述具体的内容。这是体现自身能力的重要一环。

3. 连词成句，然后再连句成文。

运用适当的单词或短语正确表达各图的意思。然后再将各图的单个句子串连起来。

串连时，要注意使用适当的连接词语或过渡性语句，不至于让读者觉得文章中出现跳跃现象，更使上下文更为紧凑、自然。

4. 反复审核，修改错误。

一篇文章写好后，应进行检查，看短文中是否有错，如拼写、用词、时态、语态及表达方面的错误。

5. 宜详则详，该略则略。

对于一些细节方面的内容，如果是文章必不可少的，在写作过程中是不可将其忽略的。

如果是可有可无的细节，则可视具体情况进行增删。据此，我们在读图时一定要注意阅读各图中的一些细节内容，看其是否影响文章的内容。

亮点说明：

巧妙使用定语从句，提升了文章档次：Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out be to extremely rewarding.

使用非谓语动词，使句子表达更简洁：

On arriving at the tea house…

I gave them a vivid and informative introduction of tea culture, including its profound history, its rich variety,

Absorbed in every move of mine, the foreign students were once again amazed by this unique culture

holding the tea bags in our hands, we took a picture to memorize the unforgettable day.

使用倒装句突出重点。

Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves.

使用it做形式主语，使表达更地道。

It suddenly hit me that traditional culture like tea culture was of great charm and huge value.

天津

书面表达（满分25分）

假设你是晨光中学的机器人兴趣小组组长李津，你的美国朋友Chris就读于天津某国际学校，他曾在机器人技能竞赛中获奖。你打算邀请他加入你的团队，参加即将于7月底在天津举行的世界青少年机器人技能竞赛。请根据以下提示代表兴趣小组给他写一封电子邮件。

(1)比赛的时间、地点；(2)邀请他的原因；(3)训练计划将发送其邮箱，请他提出建议。

注意：(1)词数不少于100；(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯；(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：世界青少年机器人技能竞赛 the World Adolescent Robotics Competition

Dear Chris,

I have good news to tell you.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I’m looking forward to your reply.

Yours,

Li Jin

江苏

请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150 词左右的文章。

Li Jiang 6 July, Sunny

Our family will go on a trip next month and need a suitcase. Two days ago, Mom asked me to find relevant information on the internet. But the information I got was rich and varied, or even contradictory. Confused, I simply based my decision on the ratings. Within five minutes, we ordered the one we were satisfied with. This afternoon, Mom received the case and told me she liked it very much.

Su Hua 6 July, Sunny

This morning, our family went out, hanging round in the downtown area. We found a rating of the Top Ten Restaurants, and went into one of them. We spent quite a lot of money, but were not happy. Mom complained a lot, and said that despite its high ratings, the food was not to our taste. I was puzzled. Should I believe in these ratings, or should I not?

写作内容：1.用约30个词概括上述利用排名（ratings）进行消费的现象；2.谈谈你如何看待消费排名，然后用2-3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。

写作要求：1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；3.不必写标题。

评分标准：内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

优秀范文Possible version one:

As a major channel of consumption information, the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption. Interestingly, the same rating may have different influences on different consumers.

I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase. Firstly, the higher rating means the higher quality of the product, or better service. Based on the ratings, I bought my beloved backpack, saw interesting films and tasted delicious foods. Secondly, ratings can save time to make decisions in shopping. For example, there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from. In that case, it is both convenient and economical to buy books according to the ratings.

There is no doubt that it is unwise to depend completely on the ratings in consumption. The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely related. It is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.

Possible version two:

Nowadays, most commodities or services are rated through certain channels. These ratings, easy to access, are playing an increasingly important role in customers’ purchase decision. However, results are sometimes unsatisfactory.

There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers, but they are often misleading and unreliable. As we all know, most of the ratings are based on others’ judgment on the product or service concerned. Every judgment comes from a specific need or a unique psychological state. Apparently, blindly following others’ advice will affect our own judgment. Another fact should not be neglected that some of the ratings are the outcome of a careful manipulation of companies or sellers. It has become a common practice for some to pay for good ratings on their products or services so as to increase their sales.

Therefore, we should give a second thought to these ratings whenever we go shopping.

【刘凯老师点评】今年作文仍然是读写作文，即先用30词概括阅读材料，然后针对材料中的话题写一篇议论文谈看法。首先要认真阅读两段有关消费排名现象及观点的纯文字材料，然后进行比较和分析，表明态度，作出价值判断。

文章首段要简要介绍两段材料，第一段材料为一对母子买旅行箱看了网上的评论，结果买回来的旅行箱质量很好。第二段材料为一家人去餐馆吃饭，看了on-line rating，选择去了其中一家，但饭菜很不好吃，从而凸显出online rating的不靠谱。

然后写你对online rating的看法，表明观点，注意用2-3个论据来支撑自己的看法。

首先在概括要点时，要抓住要点，语言精炼。本文所给材料是描述某种现象，那么就必须用概括的文字来说明某种现象。

第二步是提出自己的观点并加以论证。首先提出自己的观点，之后用论据来证明自己的观点，结尾要总结要点，与自己的观点句相呼应，使读者对主题有深刻的印象。

浙江

第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）

假定你是李华，你校英语协会招聘志愿者，接待来访的国外中学生。请你写信应聘，内容包括：

1. 口语能力：2. 相关经验；3. 应聘目的。

注意：1. 词数80左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

优秀范文Dear Sir or Madam,

My name is Li Hua. And I am writing to apply for being a volunteer of our school English association.　　

I have a good command of English and have been to the USA twice. So I can communicate well with native speakers of English. What’s more, I am kind and friendly to other people. So I can easily get along with foreign students.

I’m particularly interested in this job because I want to further improve my oral English capabilities and interpersonal communication skills.

Hopefully I can receive your acceptance.

Yours faithfully,

Li Hua

【刘凯老师点评】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封申请信。

第一步：根据提示可知，学校英语协会招聘志愿者，接待来访的国外中学生。要求写封应聘信，内容包括：1. 口语能力：2. 相关经验；3. 应聘目的。

第二步：根据写作要求确定关键词、短语和句子：I’m writing to apply for…，a good command of English，communicate with，get along with等。

第三步：根据提示和关键词（组）进行遣词造句，本文时态应以现在时为主，人称为第一人称。

第四步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接和过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。

第二节 读后续写（满分25分）

阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.

We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.

His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. “The day starts at dawn on my farm,” he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.

In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn’t going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. “Don’t be late for supper,” Uncle Paul cried, “and keep to the track so that you don’t get lost!” “OK! ” my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的）blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.

注意：

1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

【点评】读后续写要求考生首先要读懂已有信息，不仅能读懂字面含义，还要理清文章的脉络。续篇这篇短文时，考生要搞清楚故事的发展进程、前因后果、地理位置、人物思想情感的变化等。在此基础上，考生要顺着文章的思路，根据线索，发挥想象，对其后的情节进行合理预测，并用语言表达出来。

通过阅读所给文章可知，父亲带儿子去西部荒野的一个朋友家体验农场生活，见父亲和叔叔骑马，儿子也很想骑，于是亲身上马体验。

根据第一段所给首句Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.这一句是故事发展的转折点，可从rabbit出现后带来的反应扩展开，可以写马的反应，也可以写人的反应，但要注意与第二段首句相呼应。

第二段首句是We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.这一句呼应前文Uncle Paul的叮嘱——不要误吃晚饭，可从如何寻路返回农场去写。

续写时注意要使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后要用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

优秀范文Paragraph 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. _________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Paragraph 2: We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark._______________________________________________________

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微信号：waynesunbj

【范文】Paragraph 1

Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Instinctively, I yelled out loud, pulling back the reins hard in order to stop the horse from hurting the little creature. Badly startled by the sudden incident, the horse sped off the track into another direction. Dad followed closely behind, calling out to tell me how to soothe the terrified horse and I did as told. Finally, the horse calmed down, but we seemed to get lost, unable to go back to the mountain road.

Paragraph 2

We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. Wandering around, we were still stuck in the dilemma. Much to our delight, the sound of water in the distance caught our attention and drove us to the riverbank. Dad proposed that we should walk along the river which may lead us to the farm house and nothing seemed better than that. Time appeared to be merrier and shorter when I stayed together with Dad and before long, the farm house came into sight. What a thrilling but memorable experience it was!

写作 | 高中英语作文：说明利弊型 (2篇)

网络购物成了我们生活中一种新的购物方式，人们对此现象有不同的看法，谈谈你的看法，并说明理由。

范文一：

Recent years have witnessed a growing trend that online shopping features in our daily life and undoubtedly becomes a novel shopping style. I hold the ground that online shopping is a double-edged sword for us consumers and the reasons are as follows.

On the one hand, as the state-of-the-art technology has been developing so quickly, the overwhelming majority of shoppers prefer to choose online shopping rather than physical store. Obviously, not only doesits convenience brought by the powerful network system and complete logistics system attract many shoppers, but also it showcases multifarious goods at a time, providing consumers with more opportunities to distinguish between similar products so that shoppers long to immerse themselves in numerous choices.

There is no doubt that online shopping promises a bright prospect. However, on the other hand, as is often the case, it deprives shopaholics of the chance to think twice before they press the mouse because the intelligent system pushes relevant information to them constantly and accurately. In the second place, owing to the lack of a perfect regulatory mechanism, buyers are prone to buy fake products without any effective method of appeal, which becomes an unprecedented challenge facing companies and the government.

Only when we have deeper insights into online shopping can we become rational buyers. To put it in a nutshell, if it is perfected increasingly by the whole society, by no means should it be unpopular.(236字)

范文二：

Nowadays, online shopping has become a shopping mode that every family chooses. The Internet economy proposed by Jack Ma has formed its basis. Also, Big data and powerful network technology have made it more intelligent.

The reason why many people choose online shopping is firstly that people are busy with their work and they haven’t enough time to go to shopping malls. Secondly, online shopping is so convenient that we can easily buy what we need, and there will always be a nice guy to deliver the goods. In addition,compared with physical stores, the price of online ones is cheaper than that of physical ones, and the goods are of great variety, attracting increasingly more people.

When enjoying the convenience brought by technology, we should also pay attention to its side effects. Because of its virtual property, it is difficult for us to see the real goods, so their quality can’t be guaranteed. Also, Some false information on the Internet can be so misleading as to increase our dissatisfaction after shopping. What’s more, After-sales service is not always as reliable as it supposed to be, so we need to be cautious and spare more time and energy to choose the final option.

Every coin has two sides. I think if those shortcomings can be get rid of, even greater convenience will be brought to people’s life. (227字)

语法 | 高中英语句子成分知识基础知识汇总

什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。

英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。

英语五种基本句型列式如下：

一： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）；二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）；三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）；四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）；五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！

谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.

此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

Ｓ │ Ｖ （不及物动词）

1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。

2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。

3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。

4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。

5. Who │cares? 管它呢？

6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。

7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。

8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

基本句型二：SVP （主+系+表）

此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义，只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好，sound nice/听起来不错，feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻

Ｓ │Ｖ（是系动词）│ Ｐ

1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。

2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。

3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。

4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。

5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮

6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。

8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。

There be 结构： There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示‘（存在）有某事物’ 。

试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词‘那里’。

此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’，如：me，him，them等

Ｓ │Ｖ（及物动词）│ Ｏ

1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案？

2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。

3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。

4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。

5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。

6. He │said │”Good morning.” 他说：”早上好！”

7. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。

8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea,please.

强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如：Show this house to Mr.Smith.

若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me,please.

Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ ｏ（多指人） │ Ｏ（多指物）

1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。

2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。

3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。

4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。

5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片

6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。

7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。

8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。

此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。

宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。

名词/代词宾格 + 名词

The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士.

名词/代词宾格 + 形容词

New methods make the job easy.新方法使这项工作变得轻松.

名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语

I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作.

名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式

The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户.

名词/代词宾格 + 分词

I saw a cat running across the road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路.

Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（宾语） │ Ｃ（宾补）

1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。

2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色

3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。

4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。

5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想？

6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去

7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。

8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。

但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语

一、 定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

形容词作定语：

The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。

Tom is a handsome boy.Tom是个英俊的男孩。

There is a good boy.有个乖男孩。

数词作定语相当于形容词：

Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。

The two boys are students.这两个男孩是学生。

There are two boys in the room.房间里有两个男孩。

代词或名词所有格作定语：

His boy needs Tom\’s pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。

His name is Tom.他的名字是汤姆。

There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。

介词短语作定语：

The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。

The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。

名词作定语：

The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。

It is a ball pen.这是一支圆珠笔。

There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。

副词作定语：

The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The best boy here is Tom.这里最棒的男孩是Tom。

不定式作定语：

The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。

The boy to write this letter is Tom.将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。

There is nothing to do today.今天无事要做。

分词（短语）作定语：

The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。

The pen bought by her is made in China.她买的笔是中国产的。

There are five boys left.有五个留下的男孩。

定语从句：

The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。

The boy you

will know is Tom.你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。

There are five boys who will play the game.参加游戏的男孩有五个。

二、状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。

状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。

有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘（此时in the classroom为girl的定语），也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’（此时in the classroom为地点状语），最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.’

副词（短语）作状语：

The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）

The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）

The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）

The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）

介词短语作状语：

In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）

Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)

On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)

分词（短语）作状语：

He sits there,asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）

Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）

Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）

不定式作状语：

The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）

To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想，汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣。

名词作状语：

Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）

状语从句：

时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句

三、同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：

We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批‘学生’）

We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）

四、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。

感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。

肯定词：yes

否定词：no

称呼语：称呼人的用语。

插入语：一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。

如：The story,I think,has never come to the end.我相信，这个故事还远没结束

情态词：表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）perhaps也许，maybe大概，acturely实际上，certainly当然，等。

五、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。

刘凯老师介绍：

刘凯，男，蒙古族，黑龙江省齐齐哈尔人。本科为哈尔滨师范大学英语系，硕士为华中师范大学汉语言文学。

北京市优秀青年教师，北京市级重点高中示范校骨干教师，多年高中一线执教经验，高三年级把关教师，多次参与东城区模拟试题命题工作，教学理念先进，教学成果突出，多篇教学论文获市区级奖项。教育部课题研究员，参与国家十二五课题计划，并作出突出贡献，参与初中、高中各年级区级试题的命制，多次承担区级和市级研究课任务。东城区及北京市科技英语优秀指导教师，所带学生在各级英语口语、作文竞赛中多次获奖；刘凯老师将扎实的英语基本功和严谨的学术思想作为教学的基础，课堂上善于寓教于乐，信息量大，内容丰富，使学生在和谐的课堂气氛下欣赏英语、享受英语、掌握英语、运用英语。

曾多次参加高考阅卷工作，参与人民教育出版社、北京教育出版社、外研社等各类高考教学用书的编写工作，有丰富的备考经验。

2009-2012年期间，多次受邀在北京广播电台主持英语高考大纲解析及英语新课程改革节目，兼具偶像派与实力派特点，教风亲切洒脱，诙谐幽默，思维开阔，屡有奇思妙想，善于引导学生学以致用，对高考动向把握极其准确，深受学生和家长欢迎。

美国亚利桑那大学访问学者，澳大利亚新兰威尔士大学ESL研修。尤其擅长英语语法和单词记忆法。

2018年加州理工学院语言学双学位获得者。讲授科目有长难句、翻译、四六级考试、写作。在2014、2015、2016、2017四年考研中，接受其培训的所有考生中有近万名考生取得高分。

资深考研培训讲师；

英语四六级考试天团高级讲师；

雅思阅读、雅思写作培训主讲名师；

六级考试阅卷组成员；

深谙命题规律和解题套路，对英语的学习规律和方法见解独特。

带给学生的不只是考分的提高，更多的是对英语领悟和感知的突破。纯正的英音、独到的见解、睿智的思维和轻松幽默的语言，为其赢得了广大学生的认同和喜爱。

高考志愿规划师

生涯规划师

国家素质拓展师

高考政策专家